20081228 Are you coming to the Feast?

20081228 Are you coming to the Feast?

www.stmichaeluoc.org
www.orthoanalytika.org

Colossians 3:4-11
St. Luke 14: 16-24

The Forefathers
Today is the second Sunday before the Nativity in the flesh of our Lord, God, and Savior Jesus Christ. On this Sunday, which we call “The Sunday of the Forefathers”, our hymns remind us of all those who came before the blessed Incarnation of God. We remember all the great Fathers and Mothers, starting with those who predate the Law, to include: Adam, Enoch, Noah, Melchizedek, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebecca, Jacob; as well as those who came after the law: to include Moses, Aaron, Joshua, [Deborah, Ruth,] Samuel, David, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, [the three holy youths], and with them the twelve prophets [Hosea, Amos, Micah, Joel, Obidiah, Jonah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, &Malachi], Elijah, Elisha, and all the rest; and concluding with Jesus’ immediate ancestors and contemporaries, Zachariah [ & Elizabeth], [Joachim, & Anna] (the four of whom adorn the back walls of our temple); Christ’s cousin, John the Forerunner & Baptist; and Christ’s Mother, Mary the Bohoroditsa.

Among these, special attention is paid to the Patriarch Abraham, to whom God said, “in thy seed shall all of the nations of the earth be blessed” (Genesis 22:18). While the immediate meaning of these words to Abraham dealt with the establishment of the Jews as the people of God; the greater “blessing” God is describing is the coming incarnation of His Son, Jesus Christ, which will also be effected through Abraham’s seed. The Jews were a “blessing” to the nations by their witness to the true God and their prophesies of the Messiah; but Christ the Messiah is the greatest “blessing” because through Him all nations could not only know of Christ, but also be redeemed through Him.

It is this greater meaning that allows St. Paul to say that those who confess Christ as their Savior and thereby become one in His Body – the Church – are no longer “Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free”. The Jews were set apart from all the other nations. The Jewish scriptures describe how they were contaminated and led astray when other peoples were allowed into their midst. But now the blood of Christ and His Glorious resurrection allow all who so desire to gather together in Him; and from within Him, to “make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them [also] in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” so that everyone (through Him and Him in us) can become partakers of His Divine Nature (2 St. Peter 1: 2-4).

The Banquet.
God worked through the forefathers to prepare the world for the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, so that through Him we all might be saved from an eternity of separation and sin. Thanks to them, He has come and laid the banquet before us: we have but to answer his call. We just have to answer his invitation to join him at his feast. He has sent his apostles out into the “highways and hedges” of this world – even to the Blackstone Valley of New England – so that we, too, may be fed, filled, and redeemed.

But who will come? Will you join Him at the feast?

Given the hunger in this world it is difficult to understand, but there are many who refuse this invitation. In the parable, it seems absurd that people would rather attend to mundane matters than feast with their Lord. But how much crazier is it for people to go about their lives in the normal manner here and now when Christ Himself is offering the only food that truly fills and the only drink that truly quenches? How can we just stand God up when He has prepared everything for us and our salvation? How can we dismiss Him so easily, so rudely?

The Holy Fathers teach us that the services and prayers of the Church are our best teachers. Among these, the Divine Liturgy is paramount; and the Anaphora is its most sacred section (anaphora means “carrying up” or offering; it is when the Holy Spirit comes down and brings about the change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ). The first priestly Eucharistic prayer of the Anaphora (which is found in the red books in the pew, but not in the white ones, which do not include any of the priest’s prayers) makes clear what our attitude towards this invitation to salvation should be:

• It is right, in truth, to sing to You, to bless You, to praise You, to thank You, and to worship You in all places of Your dominion; for You are God Ineffable, Inconceivable, Invisible, Incomprehensible, existing forever, ever the same – You and Your Only-begotten Son and Your Holy Spirit, You brought us out of nothing into being, and when we fell, You raised us up again and did not cease doing everything until You led us into Heaven and granted us Your Kingdom to come.
• [For all these things we thank You and Your only begotten Son and Your Holy Spirit: for all things that we know and do not know, for blessings manifest and hidden that have been granted to us. We also thank You for this liturgy which you are please to accept from our hands, even though You are surrounded by thousands of Archangels, by tens of thousands of Angels, and by the Cherubim and Seraphim – six-winged, many-eyed – soaring aloft on their wings …]”

At the very moment the great Eucharistic banquet is being prepared, this prayer reminds us that the right way to respond to this feast is with thanksgiving and acknowledgement of God’s saving grace and His unceasing efforts to bring us into His Kingdom. At the end of this prayer, you all continue the praise that the priest began with these words:

• Holy, Holy, Holy Lord of Sabaoth, Heaven and earth are filled with Your glory, Hosanna in the highest! Blessed is He Who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest!

“Hosanna” literally means “please save now”. For the forefathers, it was a plea that the Messiah would come quickly to deliver them. But the Messiah has now come – indeed He is still here – so the word “hosanna” has been transformed into a song of praise and adoration to God for the salvation He offers to us through His Son. The entire Divine Liturgy is devoted to this reality – in fact, the very word “Eucharist” means “Thanksgiving”. And while we have many blessings, it is God’s gift of His Son that is – or at least should be – the thing for which we are most grateful.

The Invitation
Are you grateful for this gift of salvation through Jesus Christ? If so, do not spurn the invitation to the celebratory feast! The Lord is inviting you now to accept His salvific grace; to be freed from your sin, to be granted life in abundance, and to feast with the saints and angels in His loving presence.

He is calling you now. You may indeed be busy, but I seriously doubt that you can honestly and rationally say that you have something better to do. Say “yes” to Christ now; and reaffirm that choice henceforth through your every action and decision; strengthen it through your prayer, love of neighbor, evangelism, and fellowship with His people. Your decision will then become less a point in time, or even a series of points, but points transformed into an integral of sanctification leading you towards an eternity of bliss.

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

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Introduction: Christmas on 12/25 or 1/7?

While the majority of Orthodox Christians in the world use the Julian (aka “Old”) Calendar for liturgical purposes, the majority of Orthodox Christians here in the West join our heterodox and secular neighbors on the “New Calendar”, which is 13 days ahead.* However, a minority of Orthodox dioceses in the West - especially those formed by diaspora from “Old Calendar” countries - remain on the “Old Calendar” here and now. So while it may be somewhat interesting to trivia buffs that groups of nations celebrate Christmas on different days (because “December 25th” falls 13 days apart), the real fun happens when the differences are not between nations, but within them.**

Our parish of St. Michael’s is on the Old Calendar. This is our second Christmas here (and on the Old Calendar), and I thought I might share some observations on what life is like on the Old Calendar. This will not be a deep theological discussion (as if I were capable of such a thing!): my bishops seem to treat the issue pastorally, and I follow their lead in this as is all things. But even pastorally speaking, I do have to wonder: 1) how it effects our witness/credibility to observe the vernal equinox 13 days after the solar event actually occurs; 2) to say how nice it is to celebrate Nativity outside the corrosive influence of commercialism; and 3) how odd it is to celebrate the birth of Christ twice each year. Having said that, let me take just a moment to work out some thoughts on what our mix of calendars reshapes the structure of our Nativity Lent.

The New (Old) Advent.
In the Orthodox Church, we work ourselves up for the big feasts. We call these times of preparation “fasts”. The most well known fast is the “Great Lent” before Pascha/Easter, but Nativity/Christmas has one, too. The Nativity Fast (or Advent) is not as well-developed liturgically as Great Lent, which has week-long commemorations, special Sundays that everyone knows, special services, etc; but it does have some structure. The two Sundays before nativity have special themes (the Forefathers and Fathers, respectively) which are augmented by saints days and feasts throughout the fast. These combine with other, less traditional, things to give those of us on the Old Calendar an interesting “New (Old) Advent” Calendar.

Here is an outline of what I think it looks like for many of our faithful:

The Beginning of the Fast: St. Phillip’s Day (and Thanksgiving).
St. Phillip is commemorated the day before the 40 days of Nativity Lent begin. For this reason, Nativity Lent is often referred to as St. Phillip’s Fast or “Pilipivka”. St. Phillip is celebrated on 11/15, which falls on 11/28 for people using the Old Calendar. While some of our folks may know about St. Phillip’s Day, in practical terms, Thanksgiving (and not St. Phillip’s Day) serves as the last holiday before the start of the Fast.

Thanksgiving, which is rightly embraced and celebrated as a Christian feast, has become the equivalent of Western “Fat Tuesday”, or, better yet (when you factor in the act of purging the fridge of leftovers) Orthodox Meatfare. This is true regardless of the possibility of Thanksgiving falling on 11/28. While 11/28 is technically the beginning of the fasting period, the fact that Thanksgiving is a movable feast (ranging from 22-28 November) defacto makes the beginning of Nativity Fast movable, as well. I don’t think it would would be practical or useful to insist our faithful fast on Thanksgiving when it falls during the Advent fast. There are some who strongly disagree with this position, but I think they have forgotten our evangelistic imperative to bless everything we can as we sanctify our given cultures (after all, we did this when we first selected the end of December to commemorate the Nativity in the first place).

The First Big Milestone: St. Nicholas Day.
St. Nicholas is commemorated on 12/6, which is 12/19 on the Old Calendar. He is one of the few Saint days that gets remembered in any consistent fashion (e.g. we get no more than a handful of people at the services for the Feasts of the Presentation of the Birthgiver of God (12/4) and of the Conception of the Birthgiver of God (12/22)). There are many other saints commemorated during Advent, but I really think St. Nicholas is the only one 99% of our parishioners really pay attention to. In the Old World, St. Nicholas day would be when children received modest gifts (often into their shoes).

Some Orthodox in the West try to use gift-giving on St. Nicholas day as a way to isolate Christmas/Nativity from the commercialization of Santa Claus and his reindeer. While I like this, I do not think it will be successful. I am afraid that the idea of unwrapping presents has been completely captured by the jolly man in the red robes. Instead, if we are not careful, secular pressures will have the perverse effect of extending the commercial Christma$ $ea$on forward to St. Nicholas Day and, at least for those on the Old Calendar, backwards to Nativity; turning the entire Advent period into a hedonistic buying binge.

St. Nicholas Day is a delightful time in all of our parishes. It is when we begin singing carols (both religious and secular), and really enter into the “spirit of Christmas”.

The Next Major Milestone: “American” (or “Western”) Christmas.
One of the most interesting thing I learned after being assigned to an Old Calendar parish was how many of my parishioners celebrate Christmas on 12/25. I don’t know what to make of it, but this is a real sign of assimilation. I think the primary mechanisms of our this assimilation have been intermarriage with heterodox Christians, the conversion of family members away from Orthodoxy, and (to a far lesser extent) conversion of families into Orthodoxy. The (blessed) desire to celebrate this wonderful feast with families has been seriously bolstered by the commercial pressures that also focus on the 25th of December. Families on the Old Calendar love the fact that they can celebrate this important feast with their heterodox families without compromising their Orthodox Nativity worship and traditions. After all, Christmas has become much more of a family celebration than a church one, even for religious Christians.

My personal opinion is that communities on the “Old Calendar” should treat “Western Christmas” the way Orthodox communities on the “New Calendar” treat Thanksgiving (which always falls during Advent for them): it is a Christian celebration that can easily be blessed for our sanctifying participation. I believe that the cost of breaking up the fast is more than made up for by the benefits of participation.

Ideally, the decline in commercialization after “American Christmas” would allow our folks to begin concentrating on fasting and other preparations once it is over. Unfortunately, this is preempted by a “holiday” that is much harder to embrace, at least in its secular form: New Years.

The Next Major (albeit lamentable) Milestone: New Years Eve/Day
At best, this is a secular feast; a chance to celebrate the hope of a new year with friends and family. I list it here because I am not presenting an “ideal type” of what Advent should look like; I am describing how are actually done, even among our more active and pious parishioners.

FWIW, there is an “Old Calendar” New Year celebration called “Malanka”, but it is as secular as ours here on the secular “new” calendar (but at least it falls outside the fast!). The actual liturgical new year (Indiction) is on September 1st, but the true “spirit” of New Year (i.e. the hope of a new era) is celebrated at Pascha. As for New Year’s Eve parties, good people can bring holiness to almost every occasion, and I know that they can and do witness Christ to their friends and families at New Year’s Eve parties. But I would prefer that we celebrated it within the spirit of the fast rather than stepping outside it for the evening.

Peace at Last: The Eve of Nativity (& Nativity itself).
People might notice small changes to their worship on the two Sundays before Nativity, but the Eve of Nativity is when everything really hits home. After Great Compline, a beautiful and solemn service punctuated by the singing of Nativity carols, many families gather together for a traditional “Holy Supper”. There is no Santa, there are no reindeer, and the anticipation has nothing to with presents showing up under the tree. Everything and everyone focuses their attention on the birth of our Savior, Jesus Christ. On Christmas morning, everyone goes to Church to celebrate the Nativity Liturgy. Again, the focus is on Christ, not on satisfaction of selfish wants (our own or others).

This is where the Old Calendar celebrations really outshine those on the New.

Continuing the Celebration: The Twelve Days of Christmas... and Theophany
After Nativity, we have a week of fast-free celebrations,followed on January 20th with the celebration of Christ’s Baptism. This is a very popular feast that concludes with the blessing of water. For the next week or two thereafter, many folks will invite the priest to their homes to bless them with the holy water.

Conclusion
I am a pastor, not a theologian (and a young and foolish one, at that). On questions for which Orthodoxy offers more than one correct or useful answer, I will always go with the one that I think will bring my community into a closer relationship with Christ. This means that one size will not fit all; what works in one parish may not be best for another. We have to understand the dynamics of our local culture; then we have to work within it in order to grow it into something that is even more salvific both us and the generations who come after. For the Orthodox in America, the calendar may be analogous to using the Old World language: useful and salvific in some parishes but not others, and less so over time. Then again, keeping the “Old Calendar” may be a way to maintain harmony in “mixed” communities and provide a better tool for evangelizing the heterodox.

Regardless, let me conclude with a brief practical point that verges on theology: if we are to universally adopt the more accurate secular calendar as our own, we should do it for the date of Pascha, too. The current “compromise” system is unwieldy. But that is the subject for another entry.

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* Actually this is imprecise. The “New Calendar” is not quite the same as the Gregorian calendar used in the West. The proper name for the “New” calendar is the “Revised Julian Calendar”. Still, this is mainly a difference without a distinction (at least until 2800 when they, too, will begin to diverge).

** In fact, given how little most people allow their liturgical calendar to influence their lives, Christmas/Nativity is the only time they would even notice they are on different ones than their neighbors. Easter/Pascha often ends up on a different date, too; but the movable date and the fact that even Orthodox on the “New Calendar” use the Old Calendar for computing the Vernal Equinox, only serves to complicate matters.

20081221 St. Nicholas, Ukraine, and the Armor of God

20081221 St. Nicholas, Ukraine, and the Armor of God
www.stmichaeluoc.org
www.orthoanalytika.org

Ephesians 6: 10-17. Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord and in the power of His might. Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places. Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore, having girded your waist with truth, having put on the breastplate of righteousness, and having shod your feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace; above all, taking the shield of faith with which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God,

St. Luke 17: 12-19. Then as He entered a certain village, there met Him ten men who were lepers, who stood afar off. And they lifted up their voices and said, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!” So when He saw them, He said to them, “Go, show yourselves to the priests.” And so it was that as they went, they were cleansed. And one of them, when he saw that he was healed, returned, and with a loud voice glorified God, and fell down on his face at His feet, giving Him thanks. And he was a Samaritan. So Jesus answered and said, “Were there not ten cleansed? But where are the nine? Were there not any found who returned to give glory to God except this foreigner?” And He said to him, “Arise, go your way. Your faith has made you well.”

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (One God). Amen.

I would like to begin by welcoming our newest altar server and parish guest: the seminarian Vasyl Dohan. At 19, he is the youngest of our seminarians. He is also the youngest of three brothers. But the most important thing to know about Vasyl is that he (like our other seminarians)is completely committed to serving Christ and the furthering the salvific mission of the Holy Ukrainian Orthodox Church.

Today we celebrate the life of Saint Nicholas. The iconography of our beautiful church gives you a sense of how important St. Nicholas is to us: he joins the Apostle Andrew, the Equals to the Apostles King Volodomyr and Queen-regent Ol’ha, and the monastic saints Anthony and Theodosius right here in the front of the nave. And I want to you to pause for a moment and notice just how special that is: by his location, he joins the founders of Orthodoxy in Ukraine. St. Andrew was the disciple of the Lord Jesus Christ who, during his missionary journeys after the Resurrection, came to the banks of the Dnepr river and prophesied that Ukraine would become a Christian nation. We refer to him in some of our prayers as “the founder of Christ’s Church in Ukraine”. Saints Ol’ha and Volodomyr were the rulers who converted to Christianity, with the later bringing his people to Christ, as well (as is depicted in the central icon on our southern wall). Saints Anthony and Theodosius were the founders of monasticism in Ukraine; the Monastery of the Caves which they built continues to serve as a spiritual foundation for us and all Orthodox believers.

And then we have St. Nicholas, standing there amongst them. Why? As far as I know, he never prophesied about the land or people of Rus’-Ukraine. He was the Bishop of Myra in Lycia, a land now controlled by Turkey; there is no record of him ever visiting Rus’-Ukraine. So why did the founders and benefactors of our God-Protected parish place him among Sts. Andrew, Volodomyr, Ol’ha, Anthony, and Theodosius? The answer to this does not jump out of the pages of history, but there are several hints.

One of the first churches built in Kyiv was established by St. Ol’ha on the grave of Prince Askold. The Viking prince Rurik had sent Askold to rule Kyiv. He became acquainted with the Byzantine Empire and Orthodoxy during his raids down the Dnepr, along the coast of the Black Sea, and even against Constantinople itself. One chronicle describes how members of Askold’s peace delegation after a certain successful attack against Constantinople was baptized, and about how he received baptism in Kyiv soon thereafter. This relates to St. Nicholas because Askold himself took the baptismal name of “Nicholas”, and the church that Saint Ol’ha built over his grave was dedicated to St. Nicholas and called by his name.

But this bit of history only begins to explain why we are so fond of St. Nicholas. Icons of him have long adorned the iconostasis and walls of our parishes and the icon corners of our homes. Why is this?

Another hint comes from the Cossacks. While the primary patron of the Zaporozhian Host was St. Michael, Saint Nicholas was their patron of the seas. Before going out on the water, they would hold a Moleban to him asking for his prayers and carry his icon as they travelled. One of the most popular iconographic types among the Cossacks is that of the Pokrova, or Protection of the Mother of God. You may find it interesting that one of the Zaporozhian icons of this type shows the Mother of God with her “veil of protection” standing over the Zaporozhian Host, and flanked by both Saint Nicholas and the Archangel Michael.

But even this cannot capture our devotion to Saint Nicholas. Understanding our history is vital for us, because if we lose contact with our roots, we will soon wither and blow from wind to wind like the tumbleweed. Hopefully, after hearing these brief historical anecdotes, you will begin to understand that Saint Nicholas and Ukrainian Orthodoxy are intimately and inseparably wound together. They are linked by more than historical circumstance, but by his and our selfless dedication to Orthodox Christianity, and to living out the implications of this faith. Like us, he has been persecuted for his commitment to the truth. He was put into jail for refusing to worship idols; our forbearers were persecuted for refusing to accept false union with Rome; we ourselves are willing to accept the derision of a secular and anti-clerical world for worshipping in the Orthodox manner; St. Nicholas gave everything he had to build up the church and support those less fortunate than himself; our forbearers gave incredible amounts of time, energy, and money to build this wonderful church building and community; we do the same to maintain and grow it. We also send missionaries and aid to those who languish in orphanages and offer charity to those who cannot make ends meet here in this area. And of course there is St. Nicholas’ great devotion to children, a devotion and love that we share with all the beautiful children here in this community.

But there is still a deeper truth that must be understood: St. Nicholas and this community are intimately connected not only through shared belief and common deeds: we are literally of the same body. We are literally of the same blood. We are one with all the saints who are depicted on these walls: the Saints of Ukraine, the Holy Fathers and Ecumenical Teachers, the Great Martyrs, the Apostles, and the Holy Mother of God herself; as well as those countless others who are not depicted here, but nonetheless make up the “great cloud of witnesses” that surround and join us in worship. We are all one because we are all baptized with one and the same Baptism, chrismated with one and the same Holy Spirit, and nourished with the very same Body and Blood of Christ. It is this that gives us more than a common history, it is this that makes us the same.

Saint Nicholas is an example to us because of his excellent manner of life, but the same processes that sanctified him are working within us, drawing us – to the extent we will allow it – into a deeper union with God.

St. Nicholas lived in perilous times, when the faith was under attack from several directions. He thrived despite the challenges because he had followed St. Paul’s advice. He had put on the breastplate of righteousness, shod his feet with the Gospel, buckled on the shield of faith, and put the helmet of salvation; and held firmly to the sword of truth. This whole armor of God allowed him to persevere against the principalities, powers, and rulers of the darkness.

We, too, live in perilous times. For us, the attacks manifest themselves through radical secularism and financial challenges. They threaten to turn those we love away from the truth and to bring our very roof down around our heads. But the whole armor of God remains as strong for us as it was for him, as it was for the generations of Ukrainian Orthodox who have gone before us.

Through the prayers of St. Nicholas and all the saints, we, too will be able to thrive in battle to “withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.”


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Introduction: thinking about the radical atheism of the Soviet Communists

The Soviet Communists were atheist totalitarians. They tried to create a system that would make both faith and the religious institutions that foster it seem silly and superfluous. Given the strength of Orthodoxy in the pre-revolutionary Russian Empire, they had to be very intentional about this. They combined an overt assault against the Church with more insidious long term strategies. These included trumped up charges against intransigent clergy, the creation of more progressive and supportive alternative religious institutions (e.g. the “Living Church”), and a whole series of administrative, educational, and legal measures that discriminated against believers and belief.

Their efforts never completely succeeded; both the public face of the Church and her underground arms outlived the government that persecuted her. But the communists still caused enormous damage that will take many years (and the work of the Holy Spirit) to repair. As a pastor, I wonder how many Soviets failed to develop a salvific relationship with Christ as a result of their government’s persecution of the Church. God will judge them according their own circumstances, but can there be any doubt that the Soviets would have been better off had the communists allowed for the free expression of religion?

Segue: what about the radical secularism popular here?

All this got me to thinking about what attacks against the traditional faith would look like here in the United States. Secularism and capitalism are insidious, and their hegemony is doing a better job than Communism ever did at making Orthodoxy seem like an old-fashioned waste of time. I have written elsewhere how our economic system makes selfish hedonism seem natural. But what about the government? What role is it playing? Marx was wrong about many things, but his observations (the implications of which were most ably worked out by Gramsci) about the role of the state are reasonable accurate: it does use its influence to reinforce the dominate cultural framework (aka “hegemony”). The list of blessings we enjoy here is very long. Near the top is our Constitution, and especially our Bill of Rights. It provides some protection of what I referred to last week as “private domains” (aka “civil society” in this context). But if Marx and Gramsci were correct, even the most entrenched set of protections will be removed, reinterpreted, or simply ignored if they go against the prevailing hegemony.

Some recent news items show that this process is well under way here. The fact that these attacks on religious liberty seem justified to most of our people (and especially our elite) may well be an indicator that the proverbial pot of frogs is already at a boil. Let me share a couple of items that will help make my point:

Item One: taxing of churches that get too political.
The old way of looking at the separation of church and state comes from a literal interpretation of First Amendment to the Constitution. It proclaimed that the state could make no law “respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”. Taxation (i.e. legal expropriation of funds) has long been recognized as the most useful tool the government has for affecting behavior, and religious institutions have been rightly protected from it by its tax-exempt status. But in 1954, the government resorted to its favorite tool to keep preachers from endorsing candidates from the pulpit. Thenceforth, those that failed to censor their sermons according to the government’s desire would be subject to taxation.

Given how tight church budgets are, the imposition of taxes could force intransigent parishes to close their doors. Public opinion in support of this kind of unconstitutional tyranny suggests that the policy is having its desired effect. There is nothing in the Constitution suggesting that the non-interference of the state into religion - i.e. the so called “separation of church and state” - is supposed to be mutual; and everything in Christian theology to suggest otherwise. Salvation requires the opening up every aspect of the believer’s life to God’s influence. Now that politics have been effectively removed from formal moral consideration, it is only a matter of time until other things are similarly proscribed (e.g. laws against “hate speech” and a relativistic culture will make the traditional notion of “sin” increasingly problematic).

Item Two: enforcement of aggressive zoning codes.

Zoning Case One. Here in Rhode Island, a tragic fire at a night club led to large-scale changes in zoning requirements and enforcement. While the requirements for religious institutions are not as strict as those for night clubs (for instance, they do not require worship spaces to have sprinkler systems), compliance with the new regulations will be expensive and impose a large burden on many parishes. For example, our parish must install emergency lighting and exit signs in our sanctuary. This will cost us several thousand dollars that we simply do not have. There are many other communities in the same boat. I trust God will provide - but what that means about our continued use of our sanctuary, I cannot guess.

The irony is that the fire marshall himself (who, btw, is very professional and working with us as much as possible to minimize the impact of the changes) told me that injuries from church fires are extremely rare. Somehow churches have made it all these many thousands of years without emergency lighting and exit signs. Again, the fact that such regulations seem necessary and “fair” demonstrates the seriousness of the problem. I hope that you are charitable enough to realize that I am neither reckless nor against keeping my parishioners safe. I like having professional inspectors from our insurance company, fire extinguisher company, and fire marshall's office come in regularly to help us identify, reduce, and manage risk. But do not doubt for a second that this kind of regulation will end up forcing churches to close their doors, and it will do so without making anyone noticeably safer.

Zoning Case Two. Churches that want to build new buildings or use existing buildings for worship often have to have their plans ratified by political zoning boards. This is about as arbitrary as it gets. Hostile, or even apathetic boards can make building and renovating church buildings neigh impossible. I got to see this first-hand in Charlottesville, Virginia and Cranston, Rhode Island. In both cases, it took a great deal of time and effort (from volunteers!) to find and negotiate all the regulatory hoops. Given the number of veto points, antagonistic bureaucrats and lobbyists can grind the approval process to a halt. This really takes its toll on faith communities. In both of the cases above, the parishes were able to adjust their plans enough to eventually get approval. While it wasn’t always pretty, nothing matched the hostility of this zoning board member in South Carolina or the aggressive secularism of this inspector in Pennsylvania.

In America everyone supports zoning just like everyone (reluctantly) supports taxes: they are part of the sacrifices we make in order to best maintain our “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness”. But we have to be wary that they are not also used to undermine our freedom of religion.

Conclusion: acquiring an Orthodox phronema
Whether the result of radical atheism in the USSR or aggressive secularism here in the United States; whether intentional or unintentional; we have to recognize the damage that government policies can do to us and the practice of our faith. It is true that persecution can be a blessing for the Church; but we do not embrace it until it is all but inevitable. We must fight to keep our Churches open and our worship free from government regulation. But first we must see the danger as it really is. This requires the development of “true sight”, and the gradual removal of the cataracts a lifetime of secular acculturation has caused. Barring that, we will join the Soviet Christians of the previous century in deciding whether to worship in a compromised “approved” church, to meet secretly in our homes, or to simply get used to the prevailing notion that it’s all a lot of useless nonsense anyway.

20081214 No Reserve Domain in Salvation

20081214 No Reserve Domain in Salvation
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Ephesians 5: 9-19. … (for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness, righteousness, and truth), finding out what is acceptable to the Lord. And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them. For it is shameful even to speak of those things which are done by them in secret. But all things that are exposed are made manifest by the light, for whatever makes manifest is light. Therefore He says:
“ Awake, you who sleep, Arise from the dead, And Christ will give you light.”
See then that you walk circumspectly, not as fools but as wise, redeeming the time, because the days are evil. Therefore do not be unwise, but understand what the will of the Lord is. And do not be drunk with wine, in which is dissipation; but be filled with the Spirit, speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord,

St. Luke 18:18-27. And a certain ruler asked Him saying, Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? And Jesus said unto him, Why callest thou Me good? None is good, save One, that is, God. Thou knowest the commandments: Do not commit adultery, Do not commit murder, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother. And he said, All these I have kept from my youth up. Now when Jesus heard these things, He said unto him, Yet lackest thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow Me. And when he heard this, he was sorrowful: for he was very rich. And when Jesus saw that he became very sorrowful, He said, “How hard it is for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God! For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” And those who heard it said, “Who then can be saved?” But He said, “The things which are impossible with men are possible with God.”

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (One God). Amen.

Have you heard of the term “reserve domain”? As a political term, it can be thought of as those things that the government is not allowed to directly touch or affect. In the United States, our constitution – and especially the “Bill of Rights” – is designed to make sure that the government stays out of religion, out of our homes, out of our gun lockers, out of our peaceful assemblies, and so on. This is because the framers opposed tyranny and believed that a system of limited government would be best for our individual satisfaction and for the stability of our democracy.

I remember how upset my grandfather was because he felt the government encroached on the private domain of citizens when it amended the constitution in 1913 to make it easier for it to get into his wallet through a national income tax [16th Amendment]. He thought it had stepped way over the line. Others think the government stepped over the line when it passed the Patriot Act after 9/11; or when it protected the killing of the unborn with Roe vs. Wade; or when it threatened to tax political speech from the pulpit; or even when it generally privileges certain moral codes over others. I don’t want to talk about any of these issues today: my point is simply that all of us are accustomed to the reality and need for “reserve domains”.

In fact, we have a word for those governments that recognize no legitimate reserve domain: we call these governments “totalitarian”. The Soviet Union was totalitarian – it attempted to penetrate every aspect of people’s lives and to destroy every person, organization and institution that it could not twist to its own ends. Not every American agreed with President Reagan’s characterization of the Soviet Union as an “Evil Empire”, but I reckon that most did agree that Soviet subjects would have been better off without its invasive and tyrannical rule.
Glory to God, we do not live in a totalitarian state. While the scope and size of our government has certainly grown since the founding; our culture nonetheless has a strong sense of independence when it comes to government. We want our reserve domains. We may not agree on where they should be drawn, but all of us agree that there should be lines the government should not cross. We love our freedom. It is part of who we are. This is a wonderful thing. The founders were right: this keeps our country strong and our politics democratic. I wouldn’t trade it for anything. For Ukrainian Americans, this tradition is also supported by that of free Cossacks and the Zaporozhnian Sich. We all cherish our freedom.

Unfortunately, this bleeds over into other areas where the concept of the “reserve domain” is more problematic. Where it actually does us harm. Look at marriage: how many husbands and wives hide things from their spouses in a foolish attempt to maintain some kind of freedom? Virtual lives; hidden spending; separate bank accounts; drug use; extra-marital affairs and flirtations; these and other secrets come naturally to many Americans, but such reserve domains undermine the trust required to keep marriages healthy.

Worse, yet, are the things we try to keep from God.

Today’s Gospel lesson describes an encounter between God Incarnate and a rich young ruler. This young man is pious and respectful. He was a model to his peers, and would be recognized as such to us now because of his excellent manner of life. After all, how many of us have even tried to keep all the commandments from the time of our youth? And how many of us who have tried have had the self-discipline to successfully avoid temptation for so long? I only point this out because I want you to understand that this man was devoted to living life according to God’s will; and he seemed to be doing a pretty good job of it. But there was part of his life that he wanted to keep separate; private; reserved. When Jesus called him on it by telling him that he needed to sell everything he had, the young man “became sorrowful”. It seems as though he was willing to submit to God in every aspect of his life, save one. He wanted to protect that one area of his life; keep that one part of his life under his own control; keep that one part of his life separate from God. It is easy to fault the rich young man for this – and he certainly was at fault – but you have to admit that we are at least as guilty as him.

What will you do when God calls your bluff? When He tells you that you need to change the very part of your life you want to protect and keep private? Some of us are like the rich young ruler, afraid to give sacrificially from our budgets; others are reluctant to abandon extra-marital sex in favor of celibacy; others want to protect their careers; others are afraid to open up their hearts to love and hope. The actual domain may vary, but everyone seems to have at least one area they try to wall off from God.

Again, this seems quite natural to Americans. We subconsciously confuse the need for independence from government with independence from God. But we must empty ourselves completely to God; we must submit everything to His authority. Totalitarianism and tyranny are evil because men are imperfect and cannot be trusted with such power. But God is perfect and completely trustworthy. If He tells you to change part of your life, then you can be sure that giving it up is good for you; that it will make you more of who you really are and who you should become.

While it is hardly “selling everything you own”; the call toward tithing or sacrificial giving is likely to bring about the same sort of selfish sorrow that the rich young man had. Giving up meat during fasts, giving up sex outside marriage, and giving up our habitual hard-heartedness also seem easy when compared to the sacrifice asked of the rich young man; but we are as likely to walk away from Christ in sorrow when these things are asked of us as he was back then.

You cannot serve two masters (St. Matthew 6: 24). There is only one master worth having, and that is Jesus Christ. He is better than money, sexual gratification, meanness, and pride. These might bring comfort during this lifetime, but it is Christ that beings eternal life and following His commandments that bring true satisfaction and joy today.

Do what every saint has already done: give up everything you have and follow Him. Because through Him all things are possible.

-fr anthony

20081207 Thriving on the Cheap

20081207 Thriving on the Cheap

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Ephesians 4:1-6
St. Luke 13: 10-17

How to improve your life during difficult financial times by overcoming consumer-addiction.

We are facing difficult times in this country. For decades increasingly easy access to debt has fueled economic growth. Banks and credit cards companies enabled our insatiable appetite for self-indulgence with increasingly risky loans. We lost every vestige of self-control as we put ourselves into debt to buy things that we really never needed. Now, despite the efforts of our government, it seems as if our debt-induced “high” is coming to an end. Hard times are ahead. It is never easy to break addictions, no matter how unhealthy they are. Just as junkies will beg, borrow, and steal, some of us will do whatever it takes to support our artificial lifestyle. But a hard economy means that there will be no fix; no way to satisfy a habit that has been reinforced by years of addiction.

Yes, difficult times are ahead. But there is a silver lining. Everyone feels sympathy for the junkie as he suffers through rehabilitation, but every sane person also knows that his quality of life will eventually be much better without drugs than it ever was under their influence. So too, does our inability to satisfy our craving for new cars, bigger houses, better clothes, and so on mean that while we may suffer withdrawal in the short term, we have the potential to live much better lives than we did spending money we didn’t have on things we didn’t need. Some of the things we have to look forward to are stronger and more enjoyable bonds with our families, our friends, and our parish; more control over our emotions; and more money and time to spend on things that will bring genuine and lasting happiness.

But in the meantime, we have a difficult transition to make from being “insatiable and irresponsible consumers” to devoted and properly-centered human beings. Let me offer some suggestions that may help to make this transition shorter and less painful:

First, do not take on any more debt. Debt really works against you during a depression. Even payments that seem obviously affordable may suddenly come less so budgets shrink due to unemployment or reduced hours. Increased debt can help build a bridge across difficult times, but we don’t know how long these times will last, and you run a very real risk of running out of bridge before you run out of water.

Second, start saving. On average, Americans actually spend more than they make. We have a negative savings rate. Many people now rely on credit cards or home equity lines of credit as their emergency funds. This is dangerous. It may seem impossible to achieve, but even a $1,000 emergency fund can change your life. We can’t rely on the availability of credit to help us through emergencies any more.

Third, downsize your spending and your expectations. There are some things that you cannot downsize: for example, we have to buy groceries, pay our utilities, mortgages, rent, and taxes. But we can cut a lot of fat our of our budget by reducing or completely curtailing our vacations, eating out, pizza delivery, and impulse purchases. You would be amazed how much money we waste without realizing it. If you are not tracking every dollar of your income and expenses, it is time to start. Christmas has become a consumer frenzy: don’t let it. Let children know they will not receive as much and adults that cards and time together will suffice as gifts. Many of you are the matriarchs and patriarchs of extended families: use your influence to bring Christmas spending down to responsible levels. And know one should even THINK about borrowing money to pay for gifts. Remember the story of the little drummer boy. Avoiding television commercials will make this easier for everyone (watching commercials is the equivalent of bringing a recovering alcoholic into a bar at happy hour –don’t do it to yourself!).

Fourth, more for less. There are many things that cost little to no money, but bring enormous satisfaction. I suggest taking advantage of this Nativity Lent to get back to your prayer rule. Reading your morning and evening prayers alone or as a family will center and ground you like nothing else can. It will also help you rebuild your sense of self-control. You may think of all these things as added obligations; one more thing to add to an already overfull list of “things to do”. If so, then your budget is not the only thing that needs to be downsized. Not having time for prayer, is as much an indicator of trouble as not having enough money for your dues or tithe. Simplifying your life and centering it on Christ through prayer will move you quickly through your difficult transition. In addition, your parish offers enrichment classes and services during the week that won’t cost you anything, but that can bring enormous satisfaction. Observing the fasts of the Orthodox Church doesn’t just save money, it increases the self-discipline that will carry-over into every other aspect of our life. It also gives us a foretaste the joy that a life spent un-addicted to spending brings as we take the money we save on fasting and give it to the poor. Charity is the quickest way to regain your humanity and to show how selfish it is to be a consumer-addict. Loving and forgiving the people around you now without reservation is free to everything but your pride and will bring enormous returns in satisfaction.

Two more free but enormously beneficial services that are seriously underused are the sacraments of Holy Confession and Holy Communion. Changing your life is hard. Doing it by yourself may be impossible. God gave you these gifts for this very purpose. He gave you this God-protected parish and all these wonderful people to bring you out of your various addictions to a clean life of joy and eternal reward. Your relationship with God should be more than just another line on your budget or item on your weekly calendar: it fills the void we have all but destroyed ourselves trying to fill with other things.

In Conclusion: Christ healed the woman in today’s Gospel at the temple on the Sabbath. He will being healing you here today. Center your life on Him and His saving grace. Put it in the middle of your heart and mind. The changes he works through you and your life will be greater than the relief brought from anything on this world. You risk a dollar to win the lottery for a chance at the American Dream. Don’t waste your money. Paradise is already here. We are facing difficult times in this world, but the greatest difficulty isn’t with the world, it is with us and our addictions. We have brought these hardships on ourselves. I don’t know how long this recession/depression will last, and I am not saying that following my advice will move or keep your family budget out of the red. What I am saying is that buy refocusing ourselves and rededicating ourselves to the fundamentals, we can come out of these times better than ever.


In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

20081130 Wall of Separation

20081130 Wall of Separation

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Ephesians 2:14-22
St. Luke 12:16-21

Before I begin, let me share the deepest love and condolences from the faithful of St. Michael’s to the parish of St. Mary’s on the falling asleep in the Lord of their beloved pastor, Ihumen Gregory. May God strengthen them during this difficult time, and may He grant their spiritual father a Memory Eternal.

St. Paul teaches us in today’s epistle that Christ has “broken down the middle wall of separation”. This is the wall that separates us from holiness and sanctification. In the beginning, we were created for eternal growth in the Lord; to grow in beauty and goodness. There was nothing between us and the realization of our full potential in community with one another and Perfection. But our sin and the resultant fallenness of the world we live in have created a great gulf between us and the goodness that we long for.

In olden days, God gave the Jews the Law so that by following it they could be brought to holiness. But, as St. Paul points out, instead of bridging the gap between their sinfulness and God’s perfection, it became a wall; a constant reminder of their unworthiness. You see, no one could keep the law. No one could live without sin. So instead of serving as a guide to avoid temptations, it served as a description of all the temptations the Jews could not avoid.

Now, like anyone who is away from their homeland, we never feel quite right where we are. There is always the nagging sense that we were made for something else, something better; that the world itself is not quite right. We try to satisfy that longing with various things; you know the litany. In this promiscuous culture many of us try to quench this thirst with illicit sex of various types: adultery, pornography, self-stimulation, hook-ups... the list goes on and on. Many of us turn to alcohol and drugs. But even those of us who somehow manage to avoid these temptations are likely to fall into one much more inciting and ubiquitous: we try to satisfy ourselves with the things we buy. I love America and the capitalism that has made it strong. I believe that capitalism is the most efficient way to organize any economy. Unfortunately, it has also been incredibly successful at turning us into incredibly hedonistic and selfish consumers. Instead of bringing simple transparency to the market, the advertisers of Madison Avenue have manipulated our weaknesses to the extent that we have become addicted to buying stuff we don’t need. Their siren call has led us to blur the distinction between what we “need” and what we simply “want”; something which easy credit (what I call “easy debt”) has exacerbated to the point where we are willing to risk our families’ economic and physical security in order to buy stuff that does nothing to improve our happiness.

We keep trying to fill that “God shaped void” in our hearts with more stuff, but more stuff never fills it. Economists assume that our appetites are insatiable: they are correct in that no amount of worldly things can never satisfy our longing. And now our economy, based at it has been on the risky satisfaction of artificially-generated needs, is coming crashing down around us. The silver lining here is that this may allow more of us to see this mockery of a market for the illusion it always has been [despite the best efforts of the government, which is attempting to dampen the effects of the crash by leading creditors away from making prudent lending decisions]. The truth that Madison Avenue tries to hide is that nothing can satisfy our primal longing except the One Thing Needful: our Lord, God, and Savior, Jesus Christ.

Christ has put a door through the wall that separates us from perfection. He is at that door inviting you to open it (Revelations 3:20). If you answer His call, then you can transcend the limitations of your fallenness: you can go through the wall of separation; you can cross the threshold from sinfulness to sanctification. So open it. Go through it. Find your heart’s true home.

As St. Paul says, it is Christ who, through the Cross, restores us to unity with one another and the Father. Therefore, we are “no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and the members of the household of God.” We are members of His household. This past Thursday we celebrated Thanksgiving, a time when Americans open up their homes to family and friends and offer them our most genuine and heartfelt hospitality. We all cherish this holiday. But the hospitality shared at even the best Thanksgiving gathering is but a shadow of that shown by the Master when we become members of His household. The hospitality shown in God’s house is beyond compare. And just look at the banquet He has set for us: He has truly offered up the greatest feast imaginable; a meal that offers forgiveness and an eternity of joyful and satisfying celebration.

St. Paul finishes today’s lesson by telling us that we, being fitted together with Christ as our cornerstone, grow into a holy temple”. You can see this in your parish as it grows in holiness; as you all grow into a more fitting “dwelling place” for “God in the Spirit”. You have found the door and opened it. You are enjoying the feast. Now Christ is working within and through you so that you can show others the door. There is a world outside that is hungry; a world that is starving to death feasting on dry husks (St. Luke 15: 16) that it cannot really even afford. Here in the Lord’s house we have the food that is “broken and distributed” but “never consumed”. You are members of God’s household. You are, indeed, members of His very body. Now go do as He commands: go out into the highways and the hedges to bring our starving brothers and sisters to the feast (St. Luke 14: 16-24).

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.


=================================

How many cars do we need?

Our economy continues to “correct” itself after decades of being artificially inflated by easy credit, poor saving habits, and superfluous spending. The government is attempting to ease the effects of this correction by replacing the suddenly prudent (i.e. risk-averse) credit market with its own. In this way, it forces more money into a system in dreadful need of cathartic reform and guarantees that America will continue be more squeezed by debt payments than a newly minted Ivy League philosophy PhD ... and with about as much a chance as her of ever paying the whole thing off [no offense to philosophers, but that isn’t the kind of degree you go into debt for; especially if you aren’t willing to do other work... the stars are beautiful, but falling into the well of poverty is far from wise].

While I found the first wave of financial bailouts distressing, the current talk about how to save the U.S. auto industry is equally depressing. The pattern of the debate is indicative of our unwillingness to come to terms with the unsustainable consumerist culture at the foundation of our economy. This culture isn’t just destroying our country, it is killing our people.

The Auto Industry: A Case Study in the Perils of Consumerism
Problem 1. Efficient at what?
Economists will point out that cars have made our economy more efficient: capitalism benefits from the free movement of labor as much as it does the free movement of capital. A culture built around car ownership and supported by cheap gasoline allows individuals to move more efficiently through the labor market, allowing him to take the best job within 50 miles (FWIW, cheap credit did the same via the housing market by making it easy to move). They point out that we all benefit from having more individuals taking the jobs for which they are best suited because it allows companies to produce the things we want more efficiently. They will also point out that it allows people to make more of the money they deserve.

While all this is true as far as it goes, the market does not account for unintended consequences very well (e.g. the increased stress from long commutes, pollution, soul-less commuter communities, the hollowing out of cities, and a general separation of individuals from one another and the satisfactions of true community). Moreover, economists argue that the freer movement of labor will allow us to serve one another better through the strengthening of the “invisible hand”; but indirect satisfaction of a stranger’s wants is far from the kind of sanctifying service (“diakonia”) for which we were created.

Problem 2. The self-fulfilling rule of insatiability: how many cars do we need?
The combination of a strongly perceived “need” for transportation has combined with marketing manipulation and easy credit to lead us into a bizarre place where people will go into great debt to buy far more car than they need (a process they repeat with dizzying frequency). Drive around any suburb and count the number of car dealers; try to estimate how many cars they have for sale. The fact that this seems natural shows that Gramsci was right (in his diagnosis, not his prescription): hegemony makes irrational and self-destructive behavior seem right as rain. One of the first things financial advisor Dave Ramsey asks debt-struck-callers-struggling-to-make-ends-meet is how much they owe on their cars. It quickly becomes clear that most of those in trouble risked their families’ welfare and their own health and security to buy cars they did not need. And they aren’t the only ones who have done this: everyone would have more money to spend on things that they really need and that would really improve their lives if they spent less on their cars. It just doesn’t make sense.

The automobile-market is based on the risky satisfaction of artificially-generated “needs”. Is it any wonder that the US automakers are hurting? Is it any wonder that they are so slow to change? Brainwashed consumers and banks willing to make risky loans protect them from having to adapt to objective (i.e. “real”) changes. We laughed at the Communist market with jokes like “you pretend to work, and they pretend to pay you”; but our perversion of capitalism is equally laughable and almost as tragic. Its not just that we don’t save anymore (a lines of credit is the new “emergency fund” and finding favorable financing now seems wiser than saving to pay cash... which is objectively wiser?).

Conclusion
The irony should be obvious to everyone: we buy cars so that we can get better jobs so that we can spend more on our cars (and McMansions). Another irony is that allegedly “conservative” Republicans join big-state, big-industry loving Democrats to support the kind of consumerism that is destroying everything true conservatives want to preserve. I wish that Republicans would spend more time reading Burke, Dreher, and Chesterton; that Democrats would spend more time reading Kropotkin; and that they would both spend more time reading St. John Chrysostom (and here, and here) and the Gospels.

I understand why we want to soften the impact of the crashing economy, but what we really need is the vision, intentionality, and strength to make sure the one we grow to replace it isn’t just internally efficient and sustainable, but designed to meet our true wants and needs as well.